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Halloween is for the dead. So why candy?

Trick-or-treating started with a cake
No. 307Culture & PopPart 20 of 20Fact-checked Oct 19, 2026
Video2:49 · English voice (AI) · English subtitles

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Halloween is a night for the dead, yet kids go door to door asking for candy. On the night of October 31st, American kids knock and shout: trick or treat! At China's Ghost Festival, people set out food for ancestors. Halloween flips it: people dressed as ghosts come asking for food.

This candy is like a relay baton. Let's carry it back, one leg at a time. Start with today. This year Americans are expected to spend 4.1 billion dollars on Halloween candy alone. And most of it comes factory-wrapped.

From the 1970s, parents stopped trusting homemade treats and only accepted sealed ones. Before that, World War Two ended and sugar was no longer rationed. Candy makers made small wrapped sweets just for Halloween. Go further back, and kids weren't asking for candy yet.

A hundred years ago, Halloween night was rowdy. Young people pulled off gates and played prank after prank. So grown-ups kept apples, nuts and coins ready. A little for every kid at the door bought a quiet night. Dressing up and knocking on doors came over with Scottish and Irish immigrants.

Back home, children put on masks and sang at a neighbor's door for a bite to eat. Go back a few hundred years more, to medieval England, and what people asked for was a cake. November 2nd was for remembering the dead. The poor went door to door for a small round cake, called a soul cake.

Take a cake, and you prayed for that family's dead. One cake, one prayer. The first leg goes back over two thousand years. The ancient Celts held Samhain at the end of October to mark the harvest. They believed that on this night, the door between the living and the dead opened a crack.

Scholars think people left food outside to calm the spirits. They also wore disguises so the spirits wouldn't know them. Later the church made November 1st All Saints' Day. The night before was All Hallows' Eve, which is where the word Halloween comes from. Now let's run the baton forward.

Food for the dead became a cake for the people who prayed. The cake became apples for singing children, then coins for a quiet night, and finally a wrapped piece of candy. A baton is the same stick at the finish. This food changed at every leg. Only the knock on the door stayed the same.

So candy on Halloween isn't off-topic. Scholars pieced together parts of the chain, but the direction is clear: candy is that food for the dead, handed down to today. Here in China, Ghost Festival offerings look a bit like that plate left outside two thousand years ago. One thing no one can answer: who first shouted "trick or treat".

If a little ghost knocks on your door tonight, do you hand over candy, or let them play a trick?

1

Start with a number

4.1 billion dollars: that is what Americans expect to spend on Halloween candy alone this year. The National Retail Federation's 2026 survey says 96% of people celebrating will buy candy.

The candy isn't off-topic. It is the food for the dead, handed down leg by leg to today.

2

The opposite of China's Ghost Festival

GHOST FESTIVAL
The living set out food for ancestors
A Chinese festival in the seventh lunar month. Food goes to the dead.
HALLOWEEN
People dressed as ghosts come asking for food
Food goes to the "ghosts", and the ghosts are the neighbors' kids.

Put simply: the direction flips, but both are about food meant for the dead.

3

Carry the candy backward

Treat the candy like a relay baton. Go back one leg at a time and ask: who handed it over?

FROM THE 1970sSealed onlyParents stopped trusting homemade treats and only accepted factory-wrapped candy.
AFTER WWIISugar unrationedSugar was rationed in the war. Afterward, candy makers sold small wrapped sweets just for Halloween.
ABOUT 100 YEARS AGOBuying a quiet nightYoung people pulled off gates as pranks. Grown-ups kept apples, nuts and coins for kids at the door.
SCOTLAND · IRELANDA song for a snackMasked children performed at neighbors' doors. Immigrants brought the custom to North America.
MEDIEVAL ENGLANDA cake for a prayerNovember 2nd honored the dead. The poor went door to door for soul cakes and prayed for each family's dead.
2,000+ YEARS AGOFood by the doorThe ancient Celts held Samhain at the end of October to mark the harvest. They believed the dead could return that night. Scholars think people left food outside to calm the spirits and wore disguises so the spirits wouldn't know them.
4

Now run it forward

Food for the dead became a cake for people who prayed. The cake became apples for singing children, then coins for a quiet night, and finally a wrapped piece of candy.

A baton stays the same stick This food changed at every leg. Only the knock on the door stayed the same for two thousand years. Scholars pieced together some links, but the direction is clear.
5

Where the name comes from

The church later made November 1st All Saints' Day, with All Souls' Day on November 2nd. The night before All Saints' was All Hallows' Eve, which got shortened to Halloween.

So Halloween was never the holy day itself. It was the night before.

6

One thing no one can answer

The earliest known printed "trick or treat" is from a newspaper in Blackie, a small town in Alberta, Canada, in November 1927.

But who first shouted it? Nobody knows.

If a little ghost knocks on your door tonight, candy or a trick?
The candy you hand over is a baton passed along for two thousand years.
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