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Who invented
nail art, and
what does it cost?

For anyone who has ever stared at someone’s nails
No. 161Culture & PopPart 11 of 11Fact-checked Oct 9, 2026
Video2:39 · English voice (AI) · English subtitles

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The full narration of the video.

One bottle of nail polish. Price tag: 250,000 dollars. Because floating inside are 267 carats of black diamonds. So who invented nail art? How cheap, and how pricey? Which country does it best?

First, who invented it? Here's the surprise: nobody did. In ancient Egypt, people likely stained their nails orange-red with henna leaves. In China, a Song dynasty writer spelled it out: crush red balsam leaves with a pinch of alum, press it on the nail, and wrap it in cloth overnight.

A few rounds, and the nails turn red as rouge. Bottled polish is only about a hundred years old. In 1932, a small American company made an opaque polish in lots of colors, and it took off fast. Later, a dentist broke a nail and patched it with tooth-filling material. That's how fake nails began.

Then came gel: it hardens under a small lamp, and lasts two or three weeks. So no single person invented it. Many people built it up, bit by bit, over thousands of years. The cheapest? A bottle of polish is about ten yuan, and lasts many coats.

A plain color at a salon is usually a few dozen to a hundred-something yuan. Add designs and little gems, and a thousand isn't unusual. The priciest is that bottle from the start. In 2012, a celebrity said she wore it, and it made the news. But the maker later said that bottle was never opened. It sat in a display case in London.

The bottle in her photo looked more like the brand's 25-dollar version. From ten yuan to over a million, the difference isn't the nail. It's what you put on it. Last: which country is best? Honestly, there's no official ranking. Big competitions crown a different country every year.

But three places keep coming up. Japan set up a nail artists' association in 1985, then a nationwide exam. It's famous for fine detail. Korea used to follow Japan. Now many new styles catch on in Korea first.

And a surprise: in America, about half of nail technicians are Vietnamese American. In 1975, a Hollywood actress visited a refugee camp and had her own manicurist teach twenty Vietnamese women. They trained others, who trained others, until their salons spread across America.

So there's no single best country. Japan wins on detail, Korea on new ideas, Vietnamese Americans on speed and price. If you had to pick, which one? Detail, new, or fast?

1

In one sentence

Ages ago Song China $250,000

No one person invented nail art. Many people built it up over thousands of years. The cheapest costs about ten yuan (under $2); the priciest bottle of polish was tagged at $250,000. The best country? There’s no single answer.

2

A leaf
and a flower

People in many places came up with coloring nails on their own. Piece by piece, that became today’s manicure.

Egypt · hennaLikely stained nails orange-red with henna leaves.
China · balsamA Song dynasty writer recorded it: crush red balsam leaves with alum, press on the nail, wrap overnight. A few rounds and it’s red as rouge.
1932 · polishA small American company made opaque polish in many colors, and it caught on fast.
Later · fake nailsA dentist broke a nail and patched it with tooth-filling material.
Then · gelHardens under a small lamp and lasts two or three weeks.
3

From ten yuan
to over a million

~¥10¥50–150¥1,000+$250,000 DIYSalonDesignsDiamonds
A bottle at homeAbout ten yuan.
One color at a salonUsually ¥50–150 in China; malls cost more.
Art, gems, 3D¥1,000 isn’t unusual.
The priciest bottle267 carats of black diamonds, $250,000. Only one was made.

Prices are typical in China and vary by city.

4

Nobody actually
wore the $250,000 one

THE NEWS
In 2012, a celebrity made headlines wearing it.
She called it a “$250K manicure.”
ACTUALLY
That bottle was never opened.
The maker said it stayed in a display case in London. The one in her photo looked more like the brand’s $25 version with a single carat of diamond dust.

Ten yuan or a million: the difference isn’t the nail, it’s what goes on top.

5

Detail, new, fast:
three names that keep coming up

There’s no official ranking, and top competition winners change countries every year. But three places keep coming up.

Japan · detailA nail artists’ association since 1985, then a nationwide exam. Famous for fine work.
Korea · newOnce followed Japan; now new styles often start there.
Vietnamese Americans · fastAbout half of US nail technicians. Their salons are known for speed and fair prices.

It began in 1975: a Hollywood actress visited a California refugee camp and had her own manicurist teach 20 Vietnamese women. They trained others, who trained others, and their salons spread across America.

Your pick:
detail, new, or fast?
Tell us in the comments.
Made by Samshang × Maddox
Sources: Zhou Mi, Guixin Zashi (Wikisource); Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · Five things about henna; Wikipedia · Nail polish, Revlon; Lilac St · history of acrylic nails; nippon.com · Beholding Japanese Beauty; Japan Nailist Association; ABC News and Fashion Magazine on the 2012 $250,000 polish; Korea JoongAng Daily on Korean nail trends; Houston Landing and Matador Network on Vietnamese American salons; Nails Magazine 2012–2013 industry statistics; Scratch · Nailympia 2019 Global Champion.
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