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Can a baby
in the womb
hear the outside?

For every parent who talks to the bump
No. 203Brain & BodyPart 49 of 49Fact-checked Oct 11, 2026
Video2:32 · English voice (AI) · English subtitles

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Lots of moms-to-be talk to the baby while rubbing their bump. And someone always laughs: through all that belly, can the baby even hear? Yes, the baby can. And here's the stranger part: a newborn, in a room full of people, can pick out mom's voice. The baby has never seen her. So how? Try a little experiment first: sink your ears under the bathwater and have someone talk to you.

Here's what you'll hear: the voice turns muffled, like it's coming through a thick quilt. Low, deep sounds still get through, but high, thin sounds almost disappear. That's how a baby listens in the womb: floating in water. So when do the baby's ears start working? Researchers in Britain put a small speaker on pregnant bellies and watched on ultrasound to see if the baby moved.

Around week nineteen, the first baby jumped at a sound. Low notes come first; by about week thirty-five, the high, sharp notes get through too. And it's not quiet in there at all: mom's heart thumps, her blood whooshes, and her stomach gurgles. Among all those sounds, one comes through clearest: mom talking.

Other people's voices can only seep in through the belly; mom's voice also travels through her own body, buzzing its way inside. So over those months, the voice the baby hears most, and most clearly, is mom's. But does the baby remember? In 1980, two American psychologists gave babies just two or three days old a pacifier.

Suck in one rhythm, and the headphones play mom's voice; otherwise, another woman's voice. The babies quickly figured it out: they switched rhythms on purpose, just to hear mom. Later, another study asked moms, for the last six weeks, to read the same story out loud to their bump every day.

After birth, the babies preferred that story, even when a stranger read it. What they remembered wasn't the words, but the rise and fall. There's another finding: French newborns cry with a rising tune, German newborns with a falling one, like their moms' speech. Researchers suspect it was learned in the womb, but that's not settled yet. Besides listening, the baby is tasting: when moms drank carrot juice while pregnant, their babies later made fewer faces at carrot-flavored cereal.

The baby also practices breathing movements, and opening and closing their eyes. So a baby in the womb isn't just waiting. The voice they recognize on day one is one they've known for months. When your baby was brand new, whose voice calmed them down first?

1

Yes — and they
know Mom at birth

Lots of moms-to-be rub the bump and chat to the baby. Someone always laughs: through all that, can it really hear?

It can. A newborn can
pick out Mom’s voice
in a room full of people.

They’ve never seen her. So how? Try a little experiment first.

2

Put your ears
under the bathwater

In the bath, slip your ears under and have someone talk to you. Voices come through muffled, like through a thick quilt.

LOW SOUNDS
still get through
HIGH, THIN SOUNDS
mostly gone

That’s how a baby hears —
floating in water.

3

Low notes by week 19,
the rest by week 35

Week 19 Week 35

Researchers in the UK put a small speaker on mothers’ bellies and watched on ultrasound for a flinch. Around week 19, the first babies startled at a sound — a low one. By about week 35, they reacted to high notes too.

4

It’s not quiet
in there

HeartbeatMom’s, nonstop
Whooshingblood always flowing
Gurglingfood being digested
Mom talkingthe clearest of all
5

Mom’s voice
takes two roads

EVERYONE ELSE
only seeps in through the belly
MOM
also buzzes in through her own body

After months of this, the voice
heard most, and clearest, is Mom’s.

6

After birth,
they remember

Sucking for Mom1980: babies two or three days old learned to change how they sucked a pacifier — just to hear Mom instead of another woman.
A familiar storyMoms read the same story to the bump daily for the last six weeks. After birth, babies preferred it — even read by a stranger. They remembered its rise and fall.
An accented cryFrench newborns cry with a rising tune, German ones falling — like their moms talk. Whether it’s learned in the womb isn’t settled.
7

Not just listening

TastingMoms who drank carrot juice had babies who frowned less at carrot cereal
Practicingbreathing motions, opening and shutting eyes

They also kick around in there and turn head-down near birth. For how hearing becomes talking, see what if no one talks to a child.

The mom they know
is a voice they’ve
heard all along
When your baby was new,
whose voice calmed them first?
Made by Samshang × Maddox
Sources: Hepper & Shahidullah, Archives of Disease in Childhood 1994 (development of fetal hearing) · DeCasper & Fifer, Science 1980 (newborns prefer Mom’s voice) · DeCasper & Spence, Infant Behavior and Development 1986 (stories read in pregnancy) · Mampe et al., Current Biology 2009 (newborn cry melody) · Mennella et al., Pediatrics 2001 (carrot juice in pregnancy) · Partanen et al., PNAS 2013 (word sounds learned before birth) · 2025 MRI model study (outside noise in the womb) · Louisiana Department of Health, “Fetal development: third trimester”
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