← ELI5 中文
ELI5

Just think
of a plum.
Why the drool?

Try it: picture a green plum right now
For everyone whose mouth waters at the word "sour"
No. 328Brain & BodyPart 46 of 47Chinese Idioms, Explained · Episode 5Reader questionFact-checked Oct 20, 2026
Video2:43 · English voice (AI) · English subtitles

Can't play sound? The illustrated version is right below.

Read the transcript

The full narration of the video.

Picture a green plum. Is your mouth already getting wet? Some eighteen hundred years ago, Cao Cao was marching his army. There was no water, and his soldiers were too thirsty to go on. He pointed ahead and shouted: "There's a big plum grove up there, and the plums are sweet and sour!"

Hearing that, every soldier's mouth began to water. That's the old saying: gazing at plums to quench thirst. There wasn't a single plum. So where did the saliva come from? Let's follow the word "plum" and see where it goes. First, where does saliva come from? Inside your cheeks, under your jaw and under your tongue, three pairs of little factories are hiding. They're called salivary glands.

Together they make half a liter to a liter and a half a day, about one to three bottles of water. Most of the time they just trickle. The moment food hits your mouth, they go full speed. Nothing pushes them harder than sour. When acid touches your tongue, saliva rushes in, washing the acid down and protecting your teeth.

But this time, there's nothing in your mouth. So who gave the order? The word "plum" slips in through your ear and reaches your brain. The word itself isn't sour at all. To someone who has never eaten a plum, it's just a word.

But you have. Your brain remembered that sour bite. It's like the lunch bell at school. A bell isn't food. But after years of it, the moment it rings, you want to run to the cafeteria. Your brain did the same thing: it tied "plum" and "sour" together.

When the word arrives, your brain thinks sour is on its way. It tells the salivary glands ahead of time: get the saliva ready. The order runs down the nerves to your cheeks and under your tongue. No plum in sight, and the saliva is already here. A learned response like this has a name: a conditioned reflex.

The word "plum" is the lunch bell. Watering at the mouth is the run to the cafeteria. The difference: you can hear the bell and choose not to run. Saliva doesn't ask you. It just comes. The first person to really see this clearly was Ivan Pavlov, a scientist who studied dogs.

Every time before feeding his dogs, he played them the same sound. After a while, before any food appeared, the sound alone made the dogs drool. You thinking of a plum and that dog hearing the sound are the same thing.

It's stronger in some people than others. The more real it feels, the more saliva you make. Smelling one, or watching someone bite into one, works better than just saying the word. Back to Cao Cao. Can saliva really quench thirst? Not really. Saliva is water that was already in your body. Moving it into your mouth doesn't add a single drop.

But with wet mouths, the soldiers felt less thirsty, held on a little longer, and really did reach water. It wasn't the plums that fooled them. It was their own brains. How about you? What's the one thing that makes your mouth water just thinking about it?

1

In one line

plum hear it remembers sour gland

Nothing in your mouth, yet thinking of a plum makes it water. Why? You've eaten plums, and your brain remembers that sour bite. When it hears the word, it thinks sour is coming and tells your salivary glands to get saliva ready.

2

What Cao Cao said

Some 1,800 years ago, the Chinese warlord Cao Cao was marching his army. There was no water, and his soldiers were too thirsty to go on.

CAO CAO SHOUTED
A big plum grove up ahead,
sweet and sour plums!
THE SOLDIERS
Their mouths began to water
They held on longer and really did reach water

That's the Chinese idiom "gazing at plums to quench thirst." There wasn't a single plum up ahead.

3

Where saliva comes from:
three pairs of factories

in the cheek under the jaw under the tongue

In your cheeks, under your jaw and under your tongue: one on each side, three pairs in all. They're called salivary glands.

Saliva per day0.5–1.5 liters

About one to three bottles of water. Most of the time they trickle; the moment food hits your mouth, they go full speed.

Nothing pushes them harder than sour. When acid touches your tongue, saliva rushes in, washes the acid down and protects your teeth.

4

The trip
the word "plum" takes

① Into the earThe word itself isn't sour at all
② The brain knows itYou've eaten plums. Your brain remembered that sour bite
③ An early orderThe brain thinks sour is coming: get the saliva ready
④ Saliva firstThe order runs down the nerves to the glands. No plum in sight, and the saliva is already here

To someone who has never eaten a plum, it's just a word. Nothing happens.

5

Like the
lunch bell at school

THE BELL
A bell isn't food,
but when it rings, you want to run to the cafeteria
After years of it, the bell and food got tied together
THE PLUM
The word isn't sour,
but when you hear it, saliva comes
After a few bites, "plum" and "sour" got tied together

The difference: you can hear the bell and choose not to run. Saliva doesn't ask you. It just comes.

A learned response like this has a name: a conditioned reflex.

6

Pavlov's dogs

The first person to see this clearly was Ivan Pavlov, a scientist who studied dogs.

① Sound, then foodBefore every feeding, the dogs heard the same sound
② Sound aloneAfter a while, before any food appeared, the sound alone made them drool

You thinking of a plum and that dog hearing the sound are the same thing.

7

The more real,
the more saliva

It's stronger in some people than others. For anyone, the more real it feels, the more saliva:

Just the worda little
Smelling onemore
Watching a biteeven more

Bar lengths only show more or less; they are not measured numbers. In studies, imagining eating in detail, or watching someone eat a lemon, clearly raised saliva. Thinking alone sometimes showed no effect.

8

Can saliva
quench thirst?

Not really Saliva is water already in your body. Moving it into your mouth doesn't add a single drop.

But with wet mouths, the soldiers felt less thirsty, held on a little longer, and really did reach water.

It wasn't the plums that fooled them. It was their own brains.

How about you?
What makes your mouth water
just thinking about it?
For me it's hawthorn.
Just seeing the words "candied haws" does it.
Made by Samshang × Maddox
Sources: a viewer question · Shishuo Xinyu (A New Account of Tales of the World), "Gazing at plums" original text · Three pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual), about 0.5–1.5 L a day, standard physiology · Pavlov and the conditioned reflex: Buser P. (2006) Comptes Rendus Biologies · Keesman M. et al. (2016) Consumption Simulations Induce Salivation to Food Cues, PLoS ONE, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5098730 · Wang Q.J., Mesz B., Spence C. (2017) Music to Make Your Mouth Water?, Frontiers in Psychology, frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00638/full
UP NEXT

Why do people grind their teeth in their sleep?

It isn't worms. A tiny brain wake-up revs the heart, then the jaw clamps down. Here's the night-time chain, step by step.

No. 331 · 5 minKeep going →
← Back to ELI5